How+The+Earth+Was+Made


 * 1) ​ Geology as a profession is only about how old? 200 years.
 * 2) Who is considered the Father of Modern Geology? James Hutton
 * 3) According to early interpretation of the Bible, the Earth is how old? 6,000yrs old Oct. 14
 * 4) What feature studied in "geologic time" indicated to Hutton that the Earth had to be more than 6000 years old? The way the rock was formed. Right angles.
 * 5) The Earth was formed by (meteor) collisions with the proto-Earth
 * 6) Lord Kelvin's age of the Earth was based upon the (Cooling) of a molten crust
 * 7) In 1911 (Arthur holms) used radioactivity to estimate an accurate age of the Earth to be how old? 4.5billion yrs
 * 8) Radioactive uranium decays to (lead).
 * 9) The accepted age of the Earth is 4.5billion yrs.
 * 10) The Barberton Hills of South Africa have (Pillow lava) that show the planet had oceans by 3.5 billion years (b.y.) ago
 * 11) Many Geologist now believe that much of the Earth's water came from (Extra Terrestrial astroids) Rather then out of gassing volcanic activity
 * 12) By 4.0 b.y. ago (90)% of the Earth was covered with (Water)
 * 13) The early atmosphere around 4.0 b.y. was ~200 degrees F mainly due to (Carbon Dioxide ).
 * 14) The nucleus of the continents appears around 3.4 b.y. and are composed of (granite)
 * 15) Superheated mixing with (water) and basalt can form (granite).
 * 16) The shallow coastal waters of the new continents 3.5 B.Y. ago hosted Earth's first life; the (Stromatolites)
 * 17) The new life strips what out of the atmosphere and adds what to it? oxygen
 * 18) Seas change from (Green) to (Blue) due to the oxidation of iron in the water.
 * 19) The world's supply of iron ore is mined from rocks called the (banded iron formations)
 * 20) By 1.5 B.Y. the continents cover (25)% of the Earth's surface and are moving about in a theory we call (Plate tectonics) today
 * 21) The meteorologist (Vaganer) in 1912 proposed continental drift based upon what evidence? The way the continents are shaped.
 * 22) Oceanic floor is continuously being (recycled)
 * 23) The island of Iceland is situated on the (mid Atlantic ridge).
 * 24) The fissure canyons of Iceland are opening at a rate of (2.5cm or 1) inch/year.
 * 25) Plate motion can be traced back to (1billion yrs ago) b.y. when Canada and the U.S form the core of the super continent called (Rodinia).
 * 26) The Earth became a (Snowball or Ice planet) when the super continent blocked the redistribution of heat by ocean currents.
 * 27) Life at the time was brought to near (Extinction).
 * 28) Rodinia was split by (Volcanic) activity and the Earth's atmosphere was briefly warmed by (Carbon Dioxide).
 * 29) Sea water was rich in (Oxogen).
 * 30) The (Burgess) Shale in the Canadian Rockies is a treasure trove of (The ???) Period fossils.
 * 31) Fossils at the beginning of the Paleozoic show the adaptation of these features not seen in earlier fossils? Teeth, Hard shells, Eyes and skeletons.
 * 32) The accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere allowed the formation of the (Ozone layer) which became a shield for what radiation? Ultra violet
 * 33) The first life to move ashore some 300-400 million (m.y.) ago were (Insects).
 * 34) The Carboniferous, part of which is the Pennsylvanian, was a time of widespread (Swamps) that accumulated (plant Matter) later to be transformed to (Coal)
 * 35) 240 m.y ago the continents were re-assembled into a second super continent called (Pangea)
 * 36) The high levels of oxygen and CO2 lead to the rise of the (Dinosaurs) in the Mesozoic.
 * 37) Dinosaur means (Terrible lizard)
 * 38) 180 m.y ago (Pangea) was split apart by an upsurge in volcanism the put large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere causing (Heating) to the climate
 * 39) The diamonds of Kimberly occur in what kind of features? Shaped like and ice cream cone.
 * 40) The end of the Mesozoic, 65 m.y. ago saw an extinction rate of 75% and is believed to be due to a (Meteor) on the north end of the Yucatan Peninsula in (Mexico).
 * 41) The tombstone meteorite contains the rare element (Iridium).
 * 42) At the same time great outpourings of lava in (Western India) were adding dust and gasses to the atmosphere.
 * 43) The demise of the dinosaurs led to the expansion of (Mammals) the as the new dominant life form
 * 44) The Alps represent the collision of (African Continents) and (European Continents).
 * 45) The top of the Matterhorn has rocks from (Africa).
 * 46) All mountains owe their origin to (Plat tectonics).
 * 47) The height of mountains is a determined by what two major processes? Uplift and Erosion
 * 48) The uplift of the (Colorado) Plateau by the American plate over riding the (Pacific) plate has caused the (Colorado) River to cut the Grand Canyon.
 * 49) About 2 m.y. ago the Isthmus of (Panama) was formed disrupting ocean currents and bringing on the (Ice age).
 * 50) (Land bridge)closed the isthmus.
 * 51) Glaciers move like slow moving (Rivers)
 * 52) What major American city was once covered by a massive glacier? New york New York
 * 53) Deposits from glaciers created (Long) Island and Cape (Cod)
 * 54) The basins of the (Great) Lakes were carved by the glaciers.
 * 55) The retreat of icecaps and glaciers most recently occurred how many years ago? 10 thousand years
 * 56) Do geologists think there will be another advance of the icecaps and glaciers? Yes.
 * 57) The Great Plate Tectonic "machine" will someday (Stop).

=**SPECIAL**=

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Pangea Ultima is the super continient that could reform in an estimated 250 million years. Chistopher Scotese was the man to determine the super continets future. The cause of the continets movement is called subduction. What that does is it makes the Atlantic and the Pacific to close. That causing the conitients to merge togeather.

According to the reseach the atlantic and idian oceans to widen. making more subduction points. Most continits are predicted to collide with Eurasia. They predict that in 50 million from now, North America will slightly shift west and Eurasia will shift slightly east. that would bring Great Britain to the north pole. Africa is predicted to collide with Europe and Arabia, closing the Mediterranean Sea.

Around a said 150 million years from now the Atlantic ocean has been predicted to stop widening and then it would begin to shrink, only because a bit of the Atlantic Ocean mid-ridge wold have been subducted. The Indian Ocean Is also predicted to get smaller due to Northward subduction of the oceanic crust. North and South America could possibly pushed back southeast, and southern Africa could be pushed into the equator. **